Terminologías de televisión:términos importantes que debe conocer

¿Te ha pasado alguna vez que estás hablando con alguien sobre tecnología de TV y menciona alguna palabra que no conoces y se confunde? ¿Alguna vez te has encontrado con algún término que no tiene mucho sentido mientras lees una guía para comprar la mejor TV? Hay varias palabras o terminologías con las que nos encontramos al leer o hablar sobre la televisión. Se vuelve especialmente irritante cuando tienes que comprar un televisor y te enfrentas a demasiadas terminologías desconocidas. Para ayudarlo con este problema y familiarizarlo con estos términos desconocidos, hemos preparado una lista de terminologías de TV.

Aquí discutiremos e intentaremos explicar estas terminologías difíciles en palabras simples.

Relación de aspecto:
La relación de aspecto se refiere a la relación de ancho y alto de la pantalla de un televisor y define la forma del televisor. Hay varias relaciones de aspecto para televisores y varía según la resolución. Ciertas relaciones de aspecto son adecuadas solo para ciertas resoluciones, diseñadas para ofrecerle la mejor calidad de imagen sin distorsiones ni estiramientos, y para evitar espacios en blanco en cualquier lado de la imagen. La relación de aspecto más común para los televisores de hoy es 16:9. Cuando el contenido y la relación de aspecto de su televisor no coinciden, aparecen barras negras en el espacio en blanco (las barras verticales se denominan cajas de columnas y las barras horizontales se denominan cajas de letras). En algunos televisores, puede resolver este problema haciendo zoom en la imagen, recortando la imagen o usando una combinación de ambos.
Crédito de la imagen:Wikimedia Commons
Bisel:
En términos simples, el bisel significa el marco alrededor de la pantalla o la forma estructural que puede ver en el frente del televisor, excepto su pantalla. Aunque son importantes para la integridad estructural, afectan la experiencia de visualización, ya que cubren una parte de la pantalla por todos los lados. La mayoría de los televisores no tienen marcos en estos días, lo que significa un marco muy delgado en la pantalla, lo que permite que la pantalla del televisor sea más grande sin tener que aumentar el tamaño del televisor.
Crédito de la imagen:trustreviews.com
Relación de contraste:
La relación de contraste en un televisor significa la relación entre sus configuraciones más brillantes y más oscuras. La relación de contraste de un televisor es una de las características importantes que ayudan a decidir qué tan bueno es un televisor. Afecta las imágenes que ve en la pantalla y la relación de contraste se ve afectada por una serie de factores como la reflectancia de la pantalla, la iluminación de la habitación, la configuración de la imagen y el contenido que se muestra. La relación de contraste de un televisor se puede medir en dos bases, es decir, relación de contraste nativa y dinámica. La relación de contraste nativa, también conocida como relación de contraste estática o en pantalla, representa la función del panel de TV, mientras que la relación de contraste dinámica implica la fluctuación de las luces de fondo LED instaladas en la parte posterior de la pantalla para un mejor contraste. Los fabricantes de televisores utilizan diferentes métodos para medir la relación de contraste, lo que hace que esta función sea irrelevante al comprar un nuevo televisor. Pero, la relación de contraste es muy útil al comparar diferentes televisores antes de decidir cuál comprar.
CRT:
CRT o Cathode Ray Tube (también conocido como tubo de imagen) en CRT TV es un tubo de vacío donde se crean las imágenes que vemos en la televisión. La pantalla revestida de fósforo o fluorescente es escaneada por haces de electrones para formar las imágenes. Los haces se mueven de un lado a otro, iluminando las líneas de puntos de fósforo dentro del tubo de vidrio, dibujando varias líneas en la pantalla y creando dibujos o imágenes para el televisor. Ahora obsoletos, los televisores Direct TV tenían un gran tubo de imagen en su interior, mientras que los televisores CRT de proyección trasera y frontal tienen tres tubos de imagen para los colores primarios, es decir, verde, rojo y azul.
Puerto Ethernet :
El puerto ethernet de su televisor le permite conectar su televisor a Internet con la ayuda de un cable. Todo lo que necesita hacer es conectar un extremo del cable Ethernet al puerto y el otro extremo a su enrutador para transmitir programas y películas de Internet en su televisor. Proporciona una conexión más estable con menor latencia y mejor velocidad.
Crédito de la imagen:Wikimedia Commons
Velocidad de fotogramas:
Velocidad de fotogramas significa la velocidad a la que se muestran las diapositivas de imágenes consecutivas. It is usually expressed as frames per second or fps. Higher the frame rate, the higher the number of frames used and it will mean more bandwidth for streaming the video. High frame rates have become popular these days as they capture a higher number of images per second which results in a smoother video. The high-definition videos often have a frame rate of 60 fps.
HDMI:

HDMI or High-Definition Multimedia Interface is a digital interface that helps in transferring high-definition audio and video signals through a cable. It can be used to transfer a video quality of up to 4k Ultra HD resolution, 3D videos, and multichannel surround sound in high quality.
Image credit:Pixabay
HDR:
HDR or High Dynamic Range is a feature that affects the TV’s contrast ratio and color accuracy and helps make the pictures look more realistic. It is almost a must-have feature for TVs these days due to the detail it provides to the images through the right color balancing. Almost all the mid-range to high-range TVs have this feature and even most of the movies and shows on TVs are HDR now. Though, one thing to remember here is that TV HDR and photo HDR are not the same. These are two different concepts with the same name, making almost everyone confused.
kHz:
KiloHertz or kHz represents a thousand frequency cycles per second. In simple words, it is a measurement of frequency i.e., the number of times a wave repeats itself in a second. 1 kHz means 1000 times per second. It is also used to measure the signal bandwidth, digital as well as analog. In the case of TVs, higher kHz means better sound quality.
OLED:
OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) is a display technology that uses thin organic films between the two electrodes to produce light with the help of electricity. The organic process of creating the images on the screen with the light produced is called electroluminescence, meaning that the display is self-illuminating and does not need any backlight. OLED TV panels are lighter and thinner in comparison to LCD TVs and also help in saving energy.
Over the top services:
Over-the-top services or OTT services are streaming services that offer media content directly to the viewers through the internet. These services are provided by bypassing the traditional platforms like broadcast, cable, and satellite TV. OTT content mostly includes shows and movies that you watch on phone, tablet, or laptop and can be streamed on an internet-connected TV like Smart TV. Some of the OTT service providers are Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+, etc.
Pixelation:
Pixelation means stretching of the pixels beyond their original size and it is usually caused due to a weak signal. When the signal is poor, sometimes the TV fails to get the complete data or any data at all during the transmission. This leads to the formation of an incomplete image where some pixels are either missing or too stretched.
Image credit:Flickr
Plasma:
Plasma is a screen technology that was used in making the first flat display panels for large TVs and was a dominant TV technology just a few years back. A plasma display panel has small cells (like tiny CFLs) which are coated with red, green, or blue phosphorus. The cells also have neon or xenon gas inside them which creates invisible ultraviolet lights. These lights are then converted into the red, green, or blue light that we see on the screen via the light emitted by these cells. When we compare plasma with LEDs, plasma TVs are better as they have better picture quality and viewing angles. But, it also has many disadvantages, one of them being that it is now outdated technology. Also, the little cells or gas packets behind the panels can cause burn-in on your screen i.e. burn the images in your screen to show them even when your TV is switched off. They are also available only in larger sizes and are not that energy-efficient.
Quantum Dots:
Quantum dots can be defined as nanocrystals that absorb light and convert its wavelength. These are used in QLED TVs where they are placed in front of a normal LED backlight in a layer. All these crystals emit individual colors of their own based on their size. Though the light emitted by these quantum dots still goes through the filter, the lights are highly pure that helps in expanding the TV’s color range, and creates more intense and deeper colors. These dots also enhance the light efficiency of the TV and thus produce brighter pictures.
Resolution:
Resolution can be defined as the number of pixels or dots that create the pictures that you see on your TV screen. It is denoted as the number of pixels in one horizontal line by the number of pixels present in one vertical line. Higher the number of pixels, the higher the resolution, and the better the picture quality. There are four resolutions commonly used in TVs these days and each of them has a name as which are 1280×780 (HD), 1920×1080 (Full HD), 3840×2160 (Ultra HD/4k), and 7620×4380 (Ultra HD/8k). TV resolution is usually indicated in two ways, for example, 1080i or 1080p resolution. When you have both the options in front of you, choose the latter one. The “i” means interlaced and the “p” means progressive. The difference between both is that the interlaced videos display every alternate horizontal pixel line while the progressive lines display every horizontal pixel line, making the picture quality of progressive videos better than its counterpart.
Image credit:Wikimedia Commons
Refresh Rate:
Refresh rate is defined as the number of times your TV screen refreshes itself in a second. It is denoted by Hertz or Hz. A higher refresh rate usually means smoother motion on the screen, but not always. However, the refresh rate should not be confused with the frame rate (fps). Frame rate represents the number of frames displayed on the screen per second. For clear motion and images, make sure that the refresh rate and frame rate of your TV match or in other words are the same, for example, if the refresh rate is 60 Hz, the frame rate should be 60 fps.
Soap Opera Effect:

Soap Opera Effect is a visual effect created by most of the TVs by default. It involves creating additional frames in between the already existing ones by motion interpolation process to make the pictures look more crisp and realistic. It shows the content on your screen at a refresh rate that is higher than the original source of the content. Though it comes in handy when there is an action scene on the screen like sports events, it also wipes the normal cinematic blur from any fast-moving object on the screen. Removal of the blur hinders the ideal cinematic experience and makes the pictures more animated, giving them a soap opera effect, that is why the name. You can turn it off on your TV from the settings. This visual effect is also known as Enhanced Motion, Smooth Motion, or Auto Motion Plus, which are just marketing strategies.
Viewing Angle:
Viewing angle means the maximum angle at which you can watch your TV screen comfortably without any color shift or loss of brightness. The ideal position is directly in front of the TV screen and at eye level. As per LCD/ LED TV manufacturers, the best viewing angle for your TV is 88 or more. At this angle, you get clear and well-defined images with the best color accuracy.
UHD:
UHD or Ultra High Definition represents a higher resolution for the TV display. UHD TVs come in 4k (3840×2160) and 8k (7620×4380). These resolutions have a higher number of pixels than a normal HD TV. UHD displays are used in larger TVs, so you can enjoy a clearer and crisp image even while sitting relatively closer to the TV.
Upscaling:
Upscaling basically means stretching an image with a lower resolution to fit on a larger display. In this, the pixels of the image with low resolution are copied and are repeated to fill up the display of a higher resolution. Almost every TV comes with upscaling now. In the case of HD TVs, the upscaling process makes the lower resolution images look bigger and better on the screen by increasing the pixel count.

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